1. Simple Present Tense
Simple present tense is
the most commonly used tense form. This form is usually used to show facts,
habits, and events that occur at this time.( Simple present tense adalah bentuk tense yang paling umum digunakan.
Bentuk ini biasanya digunakan untuk menunjukan fakta, kebiasaan, dan kejadian yang terjadi pada saat ini.)
Formulas :
§ Nominal:
I/You/They/We + To Be (Am, Are) + Complement
He/She/It + To Be (Is) + Complement
Example:
(+) He is a student.
(-) He is not a student.
(?) Is he a student?
§ Verbal:
He/She/It + Verb 1 + s/es +
Object/Adverb
I/You/They/We + Verb 1 + Object/Adverb
(+) Fadli goes to school
(-) Fadli doesn’t go to school
(?) Does Fadli go to school?
2.
Present Continuous Tense
Present continuous
tense is usually used to discuss ongoing actions when the conversation is
ongoing or can be used for future plans. ( Present continuous tense biasanya digunakan untuk
membicarakan aksi yang sedang berlangsung saat pembicaraan sedang
berlangsung atau
bisa juga digunakan untuk rencana
di masa depan)
Formulas:
§ I/You/They/We/He/She/It + To be (is,am,are) + Verb 1- ing + Object/Adverb
Example:
(+) They are working in the company
(-) They are not working in the company
(?) Are they working in the company?
3.
Present Perfect Tense
The present perfect
tense emphasizes results. This tense shows the action that is still ongoing or
just finished. (Present perfect tense menekankan pada hasil. Tense ini menunjukkan aksi yang masih sedang
berlangsung atau baru saja selesai)
Formulas :
§ Nominal
He/She/It + Has + Been + Complement
I/You/They/We + Have + Been +
Complement
Example:
(+) Khansa has been to Korea.
(-) Khansa has not been to Korea.
(?) Has Khansa been to Korea?
§ Verbal
He/She/It + Has + Verb 3 + Object/Adverb
I/You/They/We + Have + Verb 3 +
Object/Adverb
Example:
(+) We have watched the movie
(-) We have not watched the movie
(?) Have We watched the movie?
4.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
The present perfect
continuous tense is used to express actions that have been completed at a point
in the past or the action has begun in the past and continues until now.
Usually the action has a certain duration and has relevance to the current
condition.
(Present
perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan aksi yang telah selesai pada
suatu titik dimasa lampau atau aksi telah dimulai di masa lalu dan terus
berlanjut sampai sekarang. Biasanya
aksi tersebut ada durasi waktu tertentu dan ada relevansinya dengan kondisi
sekarang.)
Formulas:
§ They/We/I/You + Have + been +
Verb 1- ing + Object/Adverb
She/He/It + Has + been + Verb 1- ing + Object/Adverb
Example:
(+) I have been selling fried rice since 2010
(-) I have not been selling fried rice since
2010
(?) Have you been selling fried rice since
2010?
5.
Simple Past Tense
Simple past tense is
used to express an event that happened in the past. (Simple past tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu kejadian yang terjadi di masa lampau.)
Formulas:
§ Nominal:
He/She/It/I + To Be (Was) + Complement
They/We/You +
To Be (Were) + Complement
Example:
(+) Putri was my girlfriend 2 years ago.
(-) Putri was not my girlfriend 2 years ago
(?) Was Putri my girlfriend 2 years ago?
§ Verbal:
Subject + Verb 2 + Object/Adverb
Example:
(+) Rakha came to my house yesterday.
(-) Rakha didn’t come to my house yesterday.
(?) Did Rakha come to my house yesterday?
6.
Past Continuous Tense
Past continuous tense
is used to express that an action is happening at a certain time in the past.
Usually there are two events in the past and one incident interrupts another
event. The event that is being interrupted uses past continuous tense.
(Past continuous tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan
bahwa suatu aksi sedang
terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau. Biasanya ada dua kejadian di masa
lampau dan satu kejadian
menginterupsi kejadian yang lain. Kejadian
yang sedang diinterupsi tersebut yang menggunakan past continuous tense)
Formulas:
§ He/She/It + Was + Verb 1- ing + Object/Adverb
They/We/I/You + Were + Verb 1- ing +
Object/Adverb
Example:
(+) They was eating in the canteen .
(-) They wasn’t eating in the canteen.
(?) Was they eating in the canteen?
7.
Past Perfect Tense
Past perfect tense is
used to indicate an event that occurred before a certain time in the past and
emphasizes facts rather than duration. (Past
perfect tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan sebuah
kejadian yang terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu di masa lampau dan lebih
menekankan pada fakta daripada durasi.)
Formulas :
§ Nominal:
Subject + had + been + Complement
Example:
(+) Cipi had been there before I came.
(-) Cipi had not been there before I came.
(?) Had Cipi been there before I came?
§ Verbal:
Subject + had + Verb 3 + Object/Adverb
Example:
(+) Fadli had arrived in the campus.
(-) Fadli had not arrived in the campus.
(?) Had Fadli arrived in the campus?
8.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Past perfect continuous
tense is almost the same as past perfect tense. Used to express an action that
happened in the past and has been completed at a certain point in time in the
past, but this tense emphasizes the duration of the event.
(Past perfect continuous tense hampir serupa dengan
past perfect tense. Digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu aksi yang terjadi di masa lalu
dan telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu tertentu di masa lalu, tapi tense ini menekankan pada durasi
kejadiannya.)
Formulas:
§ Subject + had + been +
Verb 1-ing + Object/Adverb
Example:
(+) I had been waiting for 30 minutes.
(-) I had not been waiting for 30 minutes.
(?) Had you been waiting fot 30 minutes?
9.
Simple Future Tense
Simple Future tense
indicates an action in the future and cannot be affected. Can also be used for
making spontaneous future decisions or assumptions that relate to the future.
"Will" and "be going to" are two general indicators on
these tenses.
(Simple Future tense mengindikasikan
suatu aksi di masa yang akan datang dan tidak dapat dipengaruhi. Dapat juga
digunakan untuk pembuatan keputusan di masa depan yang spontan atau asumsi yang
berhubungan dengan masa yang akan datang. “Will” dan “be
going to” merupakan 2
indikator umum pada tenses ini.)
Formulas:
§ Subject + will/shall + verb 1
Example:
(+) I will pay the bill.
(-) I will not pay the bill.
(?) Will you pay the bill?
10.
Future Continuous Tense
Future continuous tense
shows actions that occur at certain times in the future and actions that will
inevitably occur in the near future. (Future
continuous tense menunjukkan aksi
yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang dan aksi yang pasti
akan terjadi dalam waktu dekat.)
Formulas:
§ He/She/It/
They/You + will/shall
+ be + Verb 1- ing + Object/Adverb
Example:
(+) I will be checkhing our ticket.
(-) I will not be checking our ticket.
(?) Will you be checking our ticket?
11.
Future Perfect Tense
Future perfect tense
emphasizes actions that will end at a certain time in the future. (Future perfect tense menekankan pada aksi yang akan berakhir pada
waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang.)
Formulas:
§ Subject + will + have +
verb 3 + Object/Adverb
Example:
(+) Nana will have built a house.
(-) Nana will not have built a house.
(?) Will Nana have built a house?
12.
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Similar to all types of
perfect continuous tense, the perfect continuous tense future is a series of
actions that occur before a certain time in the future. (Hampir sama
dengan semua jenis perfect continuous tense, future perfect continuous tense
merupakan serangkaian
aksi yang terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang.)
Formulas:
§ Subject + will/shall + have + been +
Verb 1- ing + Object/Adverb
Example:
(+) Alice and Kagura will have been playing
badminton together.
(-) Alice and Kagura will not have been
playing badminton together.
(?) Will they have been playing badminton
together?
13.
Past Future Tense
Past future tense is
basically used in an indirect sentence, where there is a change in shape to
adjust to the series of events that exist. (Past
future tense pada dasarnya digunakan dalam kalimat
yang tidak langsung, dimana
terdapat perubahan bentuk untuk menyesuaikan dengan rangkaian peristiwa yang
ada.)
Formulas:
§ Nominal:
Subject + would/should + be +
Complement
Example:
(+) I would be an accountant.
(-) I would not be an accountant.
(?) Would you be an accountant?
§ Verbal
Subject + would/should + Verb 1 + Object/Adverb
Example:
(+) I should reply your letter 4 days ago.
(-) I should not reply your letter 4 days
ago.
(?) Should I reply your letter 4 days ago?
14.
Past Future Continuous Tense
Past future continuous
tense emphasizes a series or duration of an action. In addition, this is also
usually used in indirect sentences. (Past future
continuous tense menekankan pada serangkaian
atau durasi sebuah aksi terjadi. Sebagai
tambahan, ini juga biasanya digunakan pada kalimat
tidak langsung.)
Formulas:
§ Subject + would/should + be +
Verb 1- ing + Object/Adverb
Example:
(+) They would be attending my party.
(-) They would not be attending my party.
(?) Would they be attending my party?
15.
Past Future Perfect Tense
There are 3 times in
past future perfect that happened in the past. Appoint in the future, a certain
time in the past, but the action that occurred must have been completed before
the time to come. And usually used in indirect sentences.
(Terdapat 3
waktu dalam past future
perfect yang terjadi di masa lalu. Menunjuk pada waktu yang akan datang, waktu
tertentu di masa lalu, tetapi aksi yang terjadi harus sudah selesai sebelum
waktu yang akan datang. Dan
biasanya digunakan pada kalimat tidak langsung.)
Formulas:
§ Nominal:
Subject + would/should + Have + been +
Complement
Example:
(+) Harley would have been a lecturer.
(-) Harley would not have been a lecturer.
(?) Would Harley have been a lecturer?
§ Verbal:
Subject + would/should + Have + Verb 3 +
Object/Adverb
Example:
(+) Johnson would have bought a sport car.
(-) Johnson would not have bought a sport
car.
(?) Would Johnson have bought a sport car?
16.
Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Past future perfect
continuous tense is a fairly difficult form of tense. However, you can learn
from past future perfect tense. The difference is, the past future perfect
tense emphasizes the duration of time that has passed and results.
(Past future perfect continuous tense merupakan bentuk
tense yang cukup sulit. Namun, kamu dapat mempelajarinya dari past future
perfect tense. Bedanya, past future perfect tense menekankan pada durasi waktu
yang sudah berlalu dan hasil.)
Formulas:
§ Subject + would/should + Have + Been +
Verb 1- ing + Obj/Adv
Example:
(+) My brother would have been working in the
company for five years by the time I entered the university three years ago.
(-) My brother would not have been working
in the company for five years by the time I entered the university three years
ago.
(?) Would
your brother have been working in the company for five years by the time you
entered the university three years ago?
Referensi :
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